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$ dd if=/dev/zero of=filename bs=500K count=1024
$ sync
$ echo 3 | sudo tee /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches
$ dd if=filename of=/dev/null bs=500K count=1024
$ rm filename

524288000 bytes (524 MB, 500 MiB) copied, 30.2087 s, 17.4 MB/s
524288000 bytes (524 MB, 500 MiB) copied, 23.3568 s, 22.4 MB/s

$ sudo fdisk -l

Disk /dev/mmcblk0: 14.9 GiB, 15931539456 bytes, 31116288 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

laptop $ sudo umount /dev/mmcblk0p1
laptop $ sudo umount /dev/mmcblk0p2

laptop $ sudo dd of=device if=image file status=progress bs=4M

laptop $ sudo apt install gparted

laptop $ sudo fdisk -l image file

Device                       Boot  Start      End  Sectors  Size Id Type
duckiebot-RPI3-LP-aug15.img1        2048   131071   129024   63M  c W95 FAT32 (LBA)
duckiebot-RPI3-LP-aug15.img2      131072 21219327 21088256 10.1G 83 Linux

laptop $ sudo losetup /dev/loop0 imagename.img -o $((start*512))

laptop $ sudo gparted /dev/loop0

laptop $ sudo losetup -d /dev/loop0
laptop $ sudo losetup /dev/loop0 image file
laptop $ sudo fdisk /dev/loop0

Command (m for help): enter d
Partition number (1,2, default 2): enter 2
Command (m for help): enter n
Partition type
p   primary (1 primary, 0 extended, 3 free)
e   extended (container for logical partitions)
Select (default p): enter p
Partition number (2-4, default 2): enter 2
First sector (131072-62521343, default 131072): start
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G,T,P} (131072-62521343, default 62521343): +new sizeK

Created a new partition 2 of type 'Linux' and of size 10.1 GiB.

Command (m for help): enter w
The partition table has been altered.
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Re-reading the partition table failed.: Invalid argument

The kernel still uses the old table. The new table will be used at the next reboot or after you run partprobe(8) or kpartx(8).

laptop $ fdisk -l /dev/loop0

Device       Boot  Start      End  Sectors  Size Id Type
/dev/loop0p1        2048   131071   129024   63M  c W95 FAT32 (LBA)
/dev/loop0p2      131072 21219327 21088256 10.1G 83 Linux

laptop $ sudo losetup -d /dev/loop0
laptop $ sudo truncate -s $(((end+1)*512)) image file

laptop $ xz image file